Article 30

(a) "establishment" shall mean the right of Community or Russian companies as referred to in paragraph (h) of this Article to take up economic activities by means of the setting up of subsidiaries and branches in Russia or in the Community respectively.

In respect of financial services mentioned in Article 29, "establishment" shall mean the right of Community or Russian companies as referred to in paragraph (h) of this Article to take up economic activities by means of the setting up of subsidiaries and branches in Russia or in the Community respectively after receiving a licence from the competent authorities in conformity with the legislation and regulations applicable in each Party;

(b) "subsidiary" of a company shall mean a company which is controlled by the first company;

(c) "economic activities" shall mean activities of an industrial, commercial or professional character, including financial services;

(d) "branch" of a company shall mean a place of business not having legal personality which has the appearance of permanency, such as the extension of a parent body, has a management and is materially equipped to negotiate business with third parties so that the latter, although knowing that there will if necessary be a legal link with the parent body, the head office of which is abroad, do not have to deal directly with such parent body but may transact business at the place of business constituting the extension;

(e) "Community subsidiary" or "Russian subsidiary" respectively shall mean a "Community company" or a "Russian company" respectively, as hereafter defined, which is also a subsidiary of a "Russian company" or a "Community company" respectively;

(f) a national of a Member State or of Russia respectively shall mean a natural person who is a national of one of the Member States or of Russia respectively in accordance with their respective legislation;

(g) "operation" shall mean the pursuit of economic activities;

In respect of financial services mentioned in Article 29, "operation" shall mean the pursuit of all the economic activities authorized by the licence granted to the company by the competent authorities in conformity with the laws and regulations applicable in each Party;

(h) a "Community company" or a "Russian company" respectively shall mean a company set up in accordance with the laws of a Member State or of Russia respectively and having its registered office or central administration, or principal place of business in the territory of the Community or Russia respectively. However, should the company, set up in accordance with the laws of a Member State or Russia respectively, have only its registered office in the territory of the Community or Russia respectively, the company shall be considered a Community or Russian company respectively if its operations possess a real and continuous link with the economy of one of the Member States or Russia respectively.

With regard to international maritime transport, shall also be beneficiaires of the provisions of this chapter and Chapter III, shipping companies established outside the Community or Russia and controlled by nationals of a Member State or of Russia respectively, if their vessels are registered in that Member State or in Russia in accordance with their respective legislation.

For the purposes of this provision, international maritime transport shall be considered to include intermodal transport operations involving a sea leg without prejudice to applicable nationality restrictions concerning the carriage of goods and passengers by other transport modes;

(i) For the purpose of Article 29 and Annex 7, with regard to banking services referred to in Annex 6, Part B, "Russian subsidiary" or "Community subsidiary" as defined in paragraph (e), shall refer to such a subsidiary which is a bank in accordance with the laws of Russia or a Member State respectively.

For the purpose of Article 29 and Annex 7, with regard to banking services referred to in Annex 6, Part B, "Community company" or "Russian company" as defined in paragraph (h), shall refer to such a company which is a bank in accordance with the laws of a Member State or Russia respectively.