Предотвращение распространения инфекционных заболеваний как гарантия конституционных прав на охрану здоровья и медицинскую помощь в Российской Федерации (К.С. Литовко, журнал "Правоприменение", том 7, N 2, апрель-июнь 2023 г.)

Литовко К.С. Предотвращение распространения инфекционных заболеваний как гарантия конституционных прав на охрану здоровья и медицинскую помощь в Российской Федерации

К.С. Литовко - аспирант Национальный исследовательский университет, "Высшая школа экономики"

Рассматривается специфика категории "предотвращение" в сравнении со смежными категориями. Предлагается характеристика категории "система предотвращения инфекционных заболеваний". Рассматривается место предотвращения инфекционных заболеваний как специфической деятельности в рамках гарантий конституционных прав на охрану здоровья, медицинскую помощь и мер по обеспечению санитарно-эпидемиологического благополучия.

Ключевые слова: инфекционная безопасность, чрезвычайное положение, компетенция государственных органов, медицинская помощь, право на охрану здоровья, COVID-19, конституционное право, административное право, пандемия

Litovko K.S. Prevention of the spread of infectious diseases as a guarantee of constitutional rights to health protection and medical care in Russia

K.S. Litovko - PhD student HSE University

The subject of the research is public relations in the sphere of health protection rights, medical care and ensuring sanitary and epidemiological well-being proceedings (in the context of infection safety). The purpose of the research is formulating recommendations for a conceptual solution of the contradictions that have arisen between the public relations that are developing during the period of COVID-19 counteraction and the current regulatory framework. Research methods: formal-legal, comparative-legal, general philosophical methods (synthesis, analysis, induction, deduction, etc.).

The aim. The article examines the contradictions between the current system of responding to the occurring emergency situations and the established acting procedure and legislative regulation of public relations associated with the COVID-19 spreading counteraction. A proposition has been formulated on the appropriateness of using a specific concept of infectious safety, which correlates but does not duplicate the existing emergency response system. The main results. It is proposed to call this system a "system for preventing the spread of infectious diseases". Its elements (stages of preventing the spread of infectious diseases) are introduced. It is noted that this system is integrated into the already existing, but unspecified in a sufficient number of legal acts of biological safety statutory regulation. As elements (stages) of the prevention the spread of infectious diseases system it is proposed to consider the prevention of infectious diseases, the elimination of the infectious threat, the restoration of public relations to the state that was in effect at the time of activation the elimination of the infectious threat phase. The content of each stage is reviewed in detail considering new social relations circumstances that are not recognized in the existing emergency prevention system and are not directly affected by it. The abstracts of foreign authors were used, who also note similar problems in public relations of foreign countries (in particular, the United States) in connection with countering the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusions. Conceptual conjectures were formulated to resolve the accumulated contradictions between the public relations developing in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic and the existing statutory and administrative institutions in the Russian Federation for the prevention of emergency situations. It is significant to mention that the research is not a comprehensive review on the problem of preventing the spread of infectious diseases, but it provides an additional view on potential ways of solving it. The concept of the prevention the spread of infectious diseases is also opened towards improvement and refinement in future considering new incoming information and legislative innovations.

Keywords: infectious safety, state of emergency, competence of state bodies, medical care, right to health protection, COVID-19, constitutional law, administrative law, pandemic