О праве наследников на информацию о смерти репрессированных и впоследствии реабилитированных граждан (М.Ю. Дитятковский, журнал "Правоприменение", том 6, N 3, июль-сентябрь 2022 г.)

Дитятковский М.Ю. О праве наследников на информацию о смерти репрессированных и впоследствии реабилитированных граждан

М.Ю. Дитятковский - доктор юридических наук, доцент, профессор кафедры конституционного и международного права, профессор кафедры государственного и муниципального права, Всероссийский государственный университет юстиции (РПА Минюста России), г. Москва, Омский государственный университет им. Ф.М. Достоевского, г. Омск, Россия

Делается попытка анализа положений Конституции РФ и Закона РФ "О реабилитации жертв политических репрессий" в части реализации наследниками права на информацию о смерти репрессированных и впоследствии реабилитированных граждан. Проанализированы история вопроса, современное состояние правового регулирования в сфере реализации права на информацию о смерти репрессированных и впоследствии реабилитированных граждан, практика реализации указанных положений федерального законодательства со стороны органов государственной власти, а также практика судов общей юрисдикции в указанной сфере. Учитывая негативный опыт наследников при реализации вышеуказанного права, в настоящей работе сделана попытка обосновать перспективы подачи жалобы в Конституционный Суд РФ по указанному вопросу.

Ключевые слова: Закон РФ о реабилитации, реабилитация граждан, политические репрессии, право на информацию, наследники репрессированных, история политических репрессий, судебная практика, жалоба в Конституционный Суд РФ

Dityatkovsky M.Yu. On the right of heirs to information on the death of repressed and subsequently rehabilitated citizens

M.Yu. Dityatkovsky - Doctor of Law, Associate Professor; ¹ Professor, Department of Constitutional and International Law; ² Professor, Department of State and Municipal Law, All-Russian State University of Justice (RPA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia), Moscow, Russia, Dostoevsky Omsk State University, Omsk, Russia

This paper discusses the question of how exactly the norms of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the Law of the Russian Federation "On the rehabilitation of victims of political repressions" work, and what difficulties heirs face in practice in exercising the right to information about the death of repressed and subsequently rehabilitated citizens. The problem of obtaining objective information about the death of these citizens by relatives of repressed and subsequently rehabilitated citizens has a rather long and sad history. In this regard, using the historical method and the method of comparative legal analysis, the main stages in the development of these legal relations are determined, an analysis is made of the previously secret regulatory legal acts of the USSR of 1934-1988 in the field of providing relatives with information about the death of repressed and subsequently rehabilitated citizens.

The paper concludes that for 54 years from 1934 to 1988, the heirs of the repressed and subsequently rehabilitated citizens were not provided with truthful information about the causes and date of death of the actually executed citizens, as well as about the places from the burial place. But at the same time, despite the abolition of all illegal legal acts and other documents on this issue, they still continue to be applied in practice without delay. The paper analyzes the current state of legal regulation in the field of exercising the right to information about the death of repressed and subsequently rehabilitated citizens, the practice of implementing these provisions of federal legislation by public authorities. As a result of abuses on the part of archival authorities, the practice of courts of general jurisdiction to protect the rights of heirs in the exercise of the right to information about the death of repressed and subsequently rehabilitated citizens has become widespread. In particular, it is noted that courts of general jurisdiction refuse to satisfy the requirements to establish an objective date and cause of death of repressed citizens as a result of execution (instead of fictitious dates and natural causes indicated in death certificates issued in 1955-1962), based on the fact that there is no reliable and proper evidence in the case files, testifying to the execution of the sentence to shoot the repressed citizen. Given the negative experience of the heirs in the exercise of the right to information about the death of repressed and subsequently rehabilitated citizens, this paper attempts to substantiate the prospects for filing a complaint with the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation on this issue. In particular, the paper concludes that part five of Article 11 of the Law of the Russian Federation "On the Rehabilitation of Victims of Political Repressions", which provides for the possibility of an arbitrary refusal by the archival authorities to inform the applicants of the time, causes of death and place of burial of the rehabilitated simply because of the lack of relevant information, without giving the reasons for the loss of documentation or evidence of such loss in conjunction with the provisions of parts 1 and 3 of Article 56 of the Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation does not comply with the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

In conclusion, attention is drawn to the fact that the cases of establishing the facts of the death of repressed and subsequently rehabilitated citizens on a certain date and under certain circumstances as a result of execution are not simple and not isolated. Such cases actually concern an indefinite circle of persons and are of particular public interest.

Keywords: Law of the Russian Federation on rehabilitation, rehabilitation of citizens, political repressions, right to information, heirs of the repressed, history of political repressions, judicial practice, troughs to the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation