Презумпция невиновности как конституционный феномен (О.Н. Шупицкая, журнал "Правоприменение", том 7, N 1, январь-март 2023 г.)

Шупицкая О.Н. Презумпция невиновности как конституционный феномен

О.Н. Шупицкая - кандидат юридических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры международного права, Гродненский государственный университет имени Янки Купалы

Презумпция невиновности - конституционный принцип, привлекающий постоянное внимание исследователей. Будучи выраженной в правовых источниках, имеющих значение конституционных актов, она является элементом механизма защиты основных прав и свобод личности. Действие презумпции невиновности не ограничивается сферой уголовного права и процесса. Она взаимодействует с иными конституционными принципами, функционируя в их системе. Определяя взаимоотношения между публичным и частным интересом, презумпция невиновности обеспечивает, в первую очередь, права личности. Данное явление имеет значение конституционного феномена, требуя уважения к индивиду со стороны общества и государства в различных сферах общественных отношений.

Ключевые слова: Презумпция невиновности, конституционно-правовые акты, конституция, конституционный принцип, конституционный суд, уголовный процесс, судопроизводство

Shupitskaya A.N. The presumption of innocence as a constitutional phenomenon

A.N. Shupitskaya - PhD in Law, Associate Professor; Associate Professor, Department of International Law, Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno

Report. The presumption of innocence is a legal phenomenon that constantly attracts the attention of researchers. It is considered in legal science from the point of view of its origin, legal formalization, content and meaning. The interest in this problem is caused, on the one hand, by the multidimensional N ature of this presumption, and, on the other, by its practical significance not only for society and the state, but, first of all, for a specific individual. The presumption of innocence is usually considered by specialists in the field of criminal law and criminal procedure, since, in their opinion, it belongs to the criminal sphere, the sphere of judicial proceedings, evidence. Meanwhile, such a view of the problem, it seems, limits the true essence of the phenomenon and reduces its significance.

The purpose of this study is to substantiate the constitutional N ature of the principle of the presumption of innocence.

Research methodology. In this work, general scientific and private scientific research methods were used, such as analysis, synthesis, abstraction, and the case method. The results of the conducted research. As a result of the analysis, the author comes to the conclusion that the presumption of innocence is a constitutional principle. The constitutional N ature of this phenomenon is inherent in its N ature, sources, content, meaning. Conclusions. The presumption of innocence is a constitutional principle. Considering it exclusively through the prism of criminal law and criminal procedure, as an element of judicial proceedings related to the theory of evidence and the adversarial N ature of the parties, greatly limits its role and significance, leads to too N arrow an understanding of its content. The presumption of innocence is a legal phenomenon that affects various social relations, including those related to the electoral process, to administrative proceedings, to tax relations, etc. As a constitutional principle, the presumption of innocence interacts with other constitutional principles: the principle of the rule of law, the social state, the democratic state, freedom, equality, justice, legality, etc. The presumption of innocence expresses the balance of the public and private interests of a state-organized society. The existence of this one of the most important constitutional phenomenon shows the value of the individual in the legal system.

Keywords: Presumption of innocence, constitutional and legal acts, constitution, constitutional principle, constitutional court, criminal procedure, judicial proceedings