Правовые проблемы применения психиатрических мер принудительного характера в России и Республике Беларусь (А.Л. Санташов, М.Ю. Кашинский, Л.Н. Тарабуев, журнал "Правоприменение", том 5, N 4, октябрь-декабрь 2021 г.)

Санташов А.Л., Кашинский М.Ю., Тарабуев Л.Н. Правовые проблемы применения психиатрических мер принудительного характера в России и Республике Беларусь

А.Л. Санташов - доктор юридических наук, доцент, главный научный сотрудник (по социологическим исследованиям) научно-исследовательского отдела факультета подготовки научно-педагогических кадров и организации научно-исследовательской работы, Московская академия Следственного комитета Российской Федерации, г. Москва, Россия

М.Ю. Кашинский - кандидат юридических наук, доцент, полковник милиции, докторант научно-педагогического факультета, Академия МВД Республики Беларусь, г. Минск, Беларусь

Л.Н. Тарабуев - кандидат юридических наук, старший преподаватель кафедры боевой и тактико-специальной подготовки инженерно-экономического факультета, Вологодский институт права и экономики ФСИН России, г. Вологда, Россия

Исследуется институт психиатрических мер принудительного характера и его законодательная регламентация в законодательстве Республики Беларусь и Российской Федерации. Анализируется специфика белорусского и российского уголовного законодательства. Высказаны предложения о необходимости совершенствования законодательной регламентации психиатрических мер принудительного характера в уголовных кодексах Республики Беларусь и Российской Федерации.

Ключевые слова: Психиатрические меры принудительного характера, принудительные меры медицинского характера, принудительные меры безопасности и лечения, психическое расстройство, преступность лиц с психическими расстройствами

Santashov A.L., Kashinskiy M.Yu., Tarabuev L.N. Legal problems of use of compulsory psychiatric treatment in Russia and Belarus

A.L. Santashov - Doctor of Law, Associate Professor, Chief Researcher (on Sociological Research), Research Department, Faculty of Training of Scientific and Pedagogical Personnel and Organization of Research Work, Moscow Academy of the Investigative Committee, Moscow, Russia

M.Yu. Kashinskiy - PhD in Law, Associate Professor, Police Colonel, Postdoc, Scientific and Pedagogical Faculty, Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus

L.N. Tarabuev - PhD in Law, senior lecturer, chair of combat and tactical-special training, faculty of engineering and economics, Vologda Institute of Law and Economics of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, Vologda, Russia

The subject of the research is the problems of legislative regulation of compulsory psychiatric measures in the criminal legislation of the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation. The purpose of the article is to confirm or refute the hypothesis that there are defects in legislative regulation that prevent the effective use of compulsory psychiatric treatment. They are not eliminated in the Criminal Codes of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus. Research methodology. On the basis of a system-integrated approach on an interdisciplinary basis, a scientific analysis of special legal and forensic psychiatric scientific literature and interpretation of the criminal legislation of the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation were carried out.

Main results. An analysis of the Criminal Codes of the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation showed that compulsory psychiatric treatment is an independent institution of criminal law, which is regulated in sufficient detail in the national criminal legislation. The article includes a comparative legal analysis of the norms of the criminal legislation of both states (Chapter 14 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus and Chapter 15 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) that regulate psychiatric coercive measures applied to persons with mental disorders who have committed illegal acts. Based on the results of the study, a number of problems were identified in the legislative regulation of psychiatric compulsory measures in the criminal codes of both states, the authors propose directions for further improvement of the current criminal legislation. Conclusions. The Criminal Codes of the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation contain only general criteria for choosing the type of psychiatric measures of a coercive nature, in the most general form, the procedure for their change and termination is provided, they need editorial clarification of their purpose. There is no legislative definition of the concepts of "coercive security measures and treatment" (Chapter 14 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus) and "compulsory measures of a medical nature" (Chapter 15 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation), etc., which causes serious difficulties in law enforcement practice and indicates the need to continue work to improve the current criminal legislation. The terminology used "coercive and security measures and treatment" (Chapter 14 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus) and "coercive measures of a medical nature" (Chapter 15 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) does not reflect the specifics of these measures, which in their essence and content are exclusively psychiatric measures. The identified problems of legislative regulation of psychiatric compulsory measures in the criminal legislation of both states require their further resolution, and based on the interdisciplinary medico-legal nature of the problems involved, with the obligatory involvement of forensic psychiatrists in their solution.

Keywords: Compulsory psychiatric treatment, compulsory measures of a medical nature, compulsory measures of safety and treatment, mental disorder, criminality of persons with mental disorders