Общие и специальные виды освобождения от уголовной ответственности: назначение, цели, особенности конструирования (В.Н. Борков, С.Е. Суверов, журнал "Правоприменение", том 6, N 1, январь-март 2022 г.)

Борков В.Н., Суверов С.Е. Общие и специальные виды освобождения от уголовной ответственности: назначение, цели, особенности конструирования

В.Н. Борков - доктор юридических наук, доцент, начальник кафедры уголовного права Омская академия МВД России

С.Е. Суверов - адъюнкт Омская академия МВД России

Анализируется содержание отечественного института освобождения от уголовной ответственности. Отдельное внимание уделяется законодательной конструкции видов освобождения от уголовной ответственности, которые могут иметь как обязательный (императивный), так и усмотрительный (дискреционный) характер действия. На основании определения целей уголовной ответственности предпринимается попытка установить назначение специальных видов освобождения от уголовной ответственности. В завершение обозначаются задачи, стоящие перед общими и специальными видами освобождения от уголовной ответственности.

Ключевые слова: Освобождение от уголовной ответственности, основание, условия, цели, дискреционность, императивность, общие и специальные виды

Borkov V.N., Suverov S.E. General and special types of exemption from criminal liability: appointment, purpose, design features.

V.N. Borkov - Doctor of Law, Associate Professor; Head, Department of Criminal Law Omsk Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia

S.Е. Suverov - Postgraduate Service Student Omsk Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia

The subject of the article is the problem of compliance of general and special types of exemption from criminal liability with the legal nature of criminal law, as well as the logical consistency of criminal law matter.

The purpose of the article is to establish the key factors influencing the construction of the content of general and special types of exemption from criminal liability by studying the goals, purpose and legal nature of the latter.

The methodology includes dialectical, comparative legal methods, systematic analysis of legal academic literature, as well as interpretation of Russian criminal law.

The main results, scope of application. The establishment of norms providing for the release of persons who have committed crimes from criminal liability in the law is justified by the disappearance (reduction) of the public danger of the committed act and (or) the personality of the person who committed it. Modern trends of criminal policy require the presence of such an instrument in the legislation, which allows avoiding unnecessary criminal repression, restoring the rights of victims. At the same time, the consolidation of special types of exemption from criminal liability in the text of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation pursued two main goals: (1) To avoid the onset of more serious consequences (causing death or harm to the health of hostages); (2) Revealing and disclosure of latent (hidden) crimes. However, despite the indicated feature, special types of exemption from criminal liability should be built taking into account the tasks facing the criminal law of Russia and the goals of criminal liability.

Conclusion. The content of the types of exemption from criminal liability is directly influenced by the purpose and goals of this criminal legal institution. The further improvement of this legal institution should be carried out exclusively taking into account the tasks facing the domestic criminal law.

Keywords: Exemption from criminal liability, ground, conditions, goals, discretion, imperativeness, general and special types